据专家估计，俄互联网企业和搜索引擎Yandex可能需要数月时间全面恢复因无人机袭击受损的数据中心基础设施。专家认为，俄罗斯互联网不会出现系统性危机：重新分配负载和使用其他供应商的算力，可将影响降至最低。同时，专家认为，当前形势是考虑如何加强数据中心防护的契机。
控制数据中心被袭影响
专家认为，因无人机袭击受损的Yandex数据中心可能需要数周至数月才能全面恢复。“互联网侦查”（Internet-Rozysk）公司创始人别杰罗夫说：“10月11日遇袭的弗拉基米尔数据中心设计容纳2880个服务器机架。这是该公司最大场地之一。只是供电和冷却系统受损，恢复需要数周。服务器模块受损，则可能需要数月。”
Mobile Research Group首席分析师穆尔塔津说，弗拉基米尔中心部署的算力用于Yandex内部开发和Alice虚拟助手运行。据他估计，单台超级计算机成本可能高达45亿卢布。穆尔塔津认为，此类设备严重受损，设备更换和算力恢复可能需要一年半至两年时间。同时，Yandex公司宣布，服务中断后正逐步恢复运行。Yandex公司表示：“Alice、‘搜索’‘地图’‘出租车’‘邮箱’及其他服务访问正在恢复，但其中部分功能仍无法使用。工程师正优先恢复用户最多的服务，并持续推进，以尽快使所有服务在所有地区恢复可用。”
国产技术战略支持中心高级分析师科米萨罗娃说，此前萨索沃和卡卢加设施曾受袭击影响。她说，“Yandex Go”“Yandex Pay”“Yandex音乐”和在线影院“Kinopoisk”及外部客户均出现运行中断。梁赞州和卡卢加州受损的还有Yandex客户资源运行保障设备。穆尔塔津认为，总损失可能约为150亿卢布。他同时指出，通过平行进口或下单采购，交付新设备平均时间约为两个月。
谁受到故障影响
电信运营商ESK（统一网络公司）总经理米尔扎别科夫说，Yandex与Sber和VK一起，构成保障俄罗斯经济数字平台、B2B和B2C服务发展的三大技术支柱。他说：“很大程度上与先进国家竞争胜负取决于它们，其服务、经验、研究和团队保障高科技领域进口替代，支持传统行业，并创造世界规模新趋势。”例如，许多公司使用“Yandex商业”平台推广商品和服务。对个人用户而言，故障可能带来打车、配送、电子邮件、市场平台购物、Alice运行和购票问题。
10月11日，莫斯科、圣彼得堡等城市用户报告各类服务运行中断。例如，Dodo Pizza公司董事长表示，该公司网站和应用程序因云服务商大规模故障暂时瘫痪。M.Video连锁卖场也报告了问题。Lamoda遭遇技术困难，买家收到无法交付订单的通知。Magnit连锁超市部分用户可能因故障无法登录其移动应用。DDX Fitness连锁健身俱乐部移动应用、网站和热线也出现暂时中断。活动组织服务商Timepad报告网站不可用。房产信息平台CIAN网站和应用则运行不稳。
弥补数据中心基础设施不足
受访专家指出，短期内俄罗斯互联网出现系统性危机的可能性不大。此外，别杰罗夫说，公司迅速与其他市场参与者达成协议，将客户数据迁移到其算力上。他说：“这是危机条件下文明协作的罕见范例。”别杰罗夫说，公司已签署有关协议，加速部署数据中心遇袭受损的客户数据和服务，并分配额外专家团队进行迁移。科米萨罗娃也认为，俄罗斯互联网不会出现系统性危机，因为Yandex已启动通过合作伙伴分配负载的机制，云架构则从一开始就预留了软件层面备份。
如今数据中心如何防御无人机袭击的信息未予披露。但这些手段存在并将被使用。别杰罗夫表示，现代条件下应建立多层次综合防御系统，而不是寄希望于某种单一“神奇手段”。专家指出，除保护场地本身外，算力地理分布、数据备份及将服务迅速转移到替代基础设施的能力也具有特别重要的意义。
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According to expert estimates, the Russian Internet enterprise and search engine Yandex could take months to fully restore the data centre infrastructure damaged by drone attacks. According to the experts, there would be no systemic crisis on the Russian Internet: the redistribution of loads and the use of other suppliers ' calculations would minimize the impact. At the same time, the experts believe that the current situation is an opportunity to consider how to strengthen data centre protection.
Controlling the impact of an attack on the data centre
According to experts, the Yandex data centre, damaged by drone strikes, could take weeks to months to fully recover. The founder of the Internet-Rozysk company, Bejerov, said: “The Vladimir data centre, which was attacked on 11 October, was designed to house 2880 server racks. This is one of the biggest sites in the company. Only the power and cooling systems were damaged and recovery took weeks. It may take months for the server module to be damaged.”
The Chief Analyst of Mobile Research Group, Murtazin, said that the energy deployed at the Vladimir Centre was used for the inside development of Yandex and the operation of Alice ' s virtual assistant. He estimated that the cost of a single supercomputer could be as high as 4.5 billion roubles. According to Murtazin, such equipment was severely damaged and it could take between one and a half years to replace and recover. Meanwhile, Yandex announced that it was gradually resuming operations after the interruption of services. Yandex states that “Alice, `search' `maps' `telephones' and other service visits are being restored, but some of these functions remain unserviceable. Engineers are prioritizing the restoration of the most user-intensive services and are moving forward to restore all services to all areas as soon as possible.”
Komisarova, a senior analyst at the National Production Technology Support Centre, said that the facilities in Sasovo and Kaluga had previously been affected by attacks. She stated that the “Yandex Go” “Yandex Pay” “Yandex music” and the online cinema “Kinopoisk” and external clients had been disrupted. In Ryazan and Kalu California, damage was also done to Yandex customer resource security equipment. According to Murtazin, the total loss could be approximately 15 billion roubles. At the same time, he noted that the average time for the delivery of new equipment was approximately two months, either through parallel imports or through purchase orders.
Who was affected by the failure?
The general manager of the telecommunication operator ESK (Universal Networks) Mirzabekov said that Yandex, together with Sber and VK, constituted the three main technical pillars for the development of Russian economic digital platforms, B2B and B2C services. He said that “to a large extent, competition with advanced countries depends on them, whose services, experience, research and teams guarantee import substitution in high-tech areas, support traditional industries and create new trends on a world scale”. For example, many companies use the “Yandex Business” platform to promote goods and services. For individual users, failure can lead to problems of cabling, distribution, e-mail, shopping on market platforms, Alice running and ticketing.
On 11 October, users in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities reported disruptions in the operation of various services. For example, the Chairman of Dodo Pizza stated that the company ' s website and applications had been temporarily paralysed by mass failures of cloud service providers. Problems were also reported by M. Video ' s supermarket chain. Lamoda encountered technical difficulties and the buyer received notice that the order could not be delivered. Magnit's supermarket chain may be unable to log in on its mobile applications due to malfunctions. The DDX Fitness chain has also been temporarily disrupted in mobile applications, websites and hotlines. The campaign organizer Timepad reported that the website was not available. The CIAN website and applications of the housing information platform are not functioning smoothly.
Bridging inadequate data centre infrastructure
The experts interviewed noted that there was little chance of a systemic crisis on the Russian Internet in the short term. In addition, according to Bejarov, the company quickly reached an agreement with other market participants to migrate client data to its calculus. He said, “This is a rare example of civilized collaboration in crisis conditions.” According to Begerov, the company had signed an agreement to expedite the deployment of client data and services damaged by an attack on the data centre and to allocate additional expert teams for relocation. Komisarova agreed that there would be no systemic crisis on the Russian Internet, as Yandex had initiated a mechanism for the distribution of loads through partners, while the cloud structure had been backed up at the software level from the outset.
Information on how the data centre was defending against drone strikes is now not disclosed. But these instruments exist and will be used. According to Bejarov, a multi-layered integrated defence system should be established under modern conditions, rather than relying on a single “magic means”. The experts noted that, in addition to protecting the site itself, the ability to calculate geographical distribution, back-up data and rapid transfer of services to alternative infrastructure was of particular importance.
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