Unicode包含一系列没有多少用途的符号。 例如,TradeMark - TM,Service Mark - SM,以及Privats - QQ都有单独的符号。
在"Letterlike Symbox"中登场的是两个奇特的条目。 这两个都是单身角色:
- 电话号码 - TEL
- 努梅罗签名 - 不
有趣的是域名系统(DNS)上的.tel和.no都是顶级域名(TLD).
因此,我的联络网站 - https://edent.tel/ - 可以写成 - https://edent.TEL/
挪威域名注册处NORID可在https://www.norid.no/上查阅。
复制并粘贴这些链接 - 他们在任何浏览器中工作!
这是否仅限于TLD?
没有!这在域名中不管用复制并粘贴这些示例:
- 脚本 https://EXAMPLE.COM/
- 数学粗体 https://example.com/
- Fraktur https://example.com/ (中文(简体) ).
- 数学粗体斜体 https://example.com/
- 数学粗体脚本 https://example.com/
- 双打https://example.com/
- 单相空间 https://example.com/
- 超级剧本 https://example.com/
- 子脚本 https://example.com/ NB 不支持所有字符
- 数学粗体 https://example.com/
- 数学粗体斜体 https://example.com/
- 数学斜体 https://example.com/
- 数学平面 https://./NB 点不能是平面
- Circled https://./NB 点不得被盘旋
还有一大堆其他的人物可以使用:
怎么会这样?
魔术!这就是说,我想是浏览器在做转换。 DNS 数据服务器无法成功回答关于.TEL域的询问。
浏览器查看了.TEL,然后遵循了RFC5895所列出的IDNA2008进程使其正常化:
将字符映射到<http://www.unicode.org/public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt>中的"Simp Lowerscase Mapping"属性(第十四栏),如果有的话。
TEL条目为:
2121;TELE电话信号;So;0;ON;<compat > 0054 0045 004C;;;;;N;T E L SYMBOL;;;
U+0054为T,U+0045为E,U+004C为L.
您可以使用 Python 测试:
python -c'import sys; print sys. argv [1].decode ("utf-8"). encode ("idna")""TEL" (中文(简体) ).
有用吗?
对!我在推特上问人们他们是否可以使用。 TEL访问我的网站
它甚至对命令行工具如wget和卷曲有作用。
在某些情况下确实失败了:
有哪些限制?
两个主要方面:
- Twitter和Facebook等网站不承认它是有效的URL,拒绝自动链接。
- 一些命令行工具,例如:
挖出和东道主不明白
Bashdig edent.TEL (英语).
(原始内容存档于2017-09-21) (英语). DiG 9.10.6 edent.TEL.
;;全球选项:+cmd
;获得答案:
(原始内容存档于2017-03-26) (英语).;; -QQHEADERQ- opcode: QUERY,状态:NXDOMAIN, id: 55282
有用吗?
显然是的。 这也许是十年中最重要的发现。 你得到了很酷的外观 URLs 并得到了保存几个字符在特定域,以微小的代价工作不一致。
它也可用于逃避URl过滤。
每个现代浏览器都支持这些"fancy"域名——但大多数网站不会自动链接到它们。 所以在Facebook上分享是行不通的。
何处能取用。
以下是可被普通化为有效的 TLD 的单个字符。 他们大多是国家代码,但有一些有趣的例外:
美国军方
- TEL -.tel 注册
-没有 -挪威
- 非盟-澳大利亚
多米尼克群岛
巴拿马
- 纳米比亚
-mA - 摩洛哥
法属波利尼西亚
诺福克岛
- 公斤 -- -- 吉尔吉斯斯坦
马里
fm - 密克罗尼西亚联邦
芬兰
- ㎜ -
缅甸
喀麦隆
- ㎞ & ㏎ -
科摩罗
巴勒斯坦
蒙特塞拉特
- mV & MV - 马尔代夫共和国。
帕劳
- mW & MW - 马拉维
cc-可可斯(凯林)群岛
- 刚果民主共和国
圭亚那
菲律宾
- 圣皮埃尔和密克隆
-PR - 波多黎各
- ㏛ -
苏里南
萨尔瓦多
圣马力诺
TM - 土库曼斯坦
圣多美和普林西佩
-GB - 大不列颠(
过期)
- 南苏丹
不详)
- 印度和印第安纳(.us的子域)
- VI和VI -- -- 维尔京群岛和弗吉尼亚(.us的子域)
佛罗里达州(.us的子域)
新墨西哥州(.us的子域)
内华达州(.us的子域)
作为其中的一部分
.ovh (英语).
如果您能找到更多的信息,请在下方的框中插入一个注释。
您可以随时访问此博客:
https://hkspr.obi/ (中文(简体) ).
本文由 AI宝库自动抓取并翻译,版权归原作者所有;如需查看原文请点下方链接。
Unicode contains a range of symbols which don't get much use. For example, there are separate symbols for TradeMark - ™, Service Mark - ℠, and Prescriptions - ℞.
Nestling among the "Letterlike Symbols" are two curious entries. Both of these are single characters:
- Telephone symbol - ℡
- Numero Sign - №
What's interesting is both .tel and .no are Top-Level-Domains (TLD) on the Domain Name System (DNS).
So my contact site - https://edent.tel/ - can be written as - https://edent.℡/
And the Norwegian domain name registry NORID can be accessed at https://www.norid.№/
Copy and paste those links - they work in any browser!
Is this limited to TLDs?
No! This works ANYWHERE in a domain name. Copy and paste these examples:
- Script https://ℰ𝒳𝒜ℳ𝓟ℒℰ.𝒞𝓞ℳ/
- Math Bold https://𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞.𝐜𝐨𝐦/
- Fraktur https://𝖊𝖝𝖆𝖒𝖕𝖑𝖊.𝖈𝖔𝖒/
- Math bold italic https://𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆.𝒄𝒐𝒎/
- Math bold script https://𝓮𝔁𝓪𝓶𝓹𝓵𝓮.𝓬𝓸𝓶/
- Double struck https://𝕖𝕩𝕒𝕞𝕡𝕝𝕖.𝕔𝕠𝕞/
- Monospace https://𝚎𝚡𝚊𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎.𝚌𝚘𝚖/
- Super script https://ᵉˣᵃᵐᵖˡᵉ.ᶜᵒᵐ/
- Sub script https://ₑₓₐₘₚₗₑ.cₒₘ/ NB not all characters supported
- Math sans bold https://𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲.𝗰𝗼𝗺/
- Math sans bold italic https://𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚.𝙘𝙤𝙢/
- Math sans italic https://𝘦𝘹𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦.𝘤𝘰𝘮/
- Math Squared https://🄴🅇🄰🄼🄿🄻🄴.🄲🄾🄼/ NB the dot must not be squared
- Circled https://ⓔⓧⓐⓜⓟⓛⓔ.ⓒⓞⓜ/ NB the dot must not be circled
There are a whole bunch more miscellaneous characters you can use:
How does this work?
Magic! Which is to say, I think it is the browser doing the conversion. DNS Servers don't successfully reply to queries about .℡ domains.
The browser sees the .℡ and then follows the IDNA2008 process listed in RFC5895 to normalise it:
map characters to the "Simple_Lowercase_Mapping" property (the fourteenth column) in <http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt>, if any.
The ℡ entry is:
2121;TELEPHONE SIGN;So;0;ON;<compat> 0054 0045 004C;;;;N;T E L SYMBOL;;;;
U+0054 is T, U+0045 is E, U+004C is L.
You can test this in Python using:
python -c 'import sys;print sys.argv[1].decode("utf-8").encode("idna")' "℡"
Does this work?
Yes! I asked people on Twitter whether they could access my website using a .℡ - and it appeared to work on every modern browser and operating system.
It even works on command line tools like wget and curl.
It does fail in some circumstances:
What are the limitations?
Two main ones:
- Sites like Twitter and Facebook don't recognise it as a valid URl and refuse to auto link it.
- Some command line tools like
dig and host don't understand it
Bashdig edent.℡
; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> edent.℡
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 55282
Is this useful?
Obviously yes. This may be the most important discovery of the decade. You get cool looking URls and get to save a couple of characters on specific domains, at the minor expense of working inconsistently.
It could also be used for evading URl filters.
Every modern browser supports these "fancy" domain names - but most websites won't automatically link to them. So sharing on Facebook doesn't work.
Where can it be used?
Here are the single characters which can be normalised down to a valid TLD. They're mostly country codes, but there are a few interesting exceptions:
- ㏕ - US Military
- ℡ - .tel registry
- № - Norway
- ㍳ - Australia
- ㍷ - Dominica
- ㎀ - Panama
- ㎁ - Namibia
- ㎃ - Morocco
- ㎊ - French Polynesia
- ㎋ - Norfolk Island
- ㎏ - Kyrgyzstan
- ㎖ - Mali
- ㎙ - Federated States of Micronesia
- fi - Finland
- ㎜ -
Myanmar
- ㎝ - Cameroon
- ㎞ & ㏎ -
Comoros
- ㎰ - Palestine
- ㎳ - Montserrat
- ㎷ & ㎹ - Republic of Maldives.
- ㎺ - Palau
- ㎽ & ㎿ - Malawi
- ㏄ - Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- ㏅ - Democratic Republic of Congo
- ㏉ - Guyana
- ㏗ - Philippines
- ㏘ - Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- ㏚ - Puerto Rico
- ㏛ -
Suriname
- ㏜ - El Salvador
- ℠ - San Marino
- ™ - Turkmenistan
- st & ſt - São Tomé and Príncipe
- ㎇ - Great Britain (
Obsolete)
- ß - South Sudan (
Not available)
- ㏌ - India and Indiana (subdomain of .us)
- Ⅵ & ⅵ - Virgin Islands and Virginia (subdomain of .us)
- fl - Florida (subdomain of .us)
- ㎚ - New Mexico (subdomain of .us)
- ㎵ - Nevada (subdomain of .us)
- ㍵ - As part of
.ovh
If you can find any more, please stick a comment in the box below.
You can always reach this blog post at:
https://🅂𝖍𝐤ₛᵖ𝒓.ⓜ𝕠𝒃𝓲/🆆🆃🅵/
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