教宗利奥十四世呼吁“解除武装”大赦国际，敦促禁止致命自发武器

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教宗利奥十四世呼吁“解除武装”大赦国际，敦促禁止致命自发武器

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教皇利奥十四世呼吁“解除”人工智能，并鼓励11月在日内瓦举行的各州会议采取具体步骤禁止致命的自主武器，于2026年10月30日在教宗大厅发表演说。

听众聚集了“大赦国际的未来：梵蒂冈与科学世界之间关于智能技术的发展和应用的对话”，这是教皇生命与未来学院联合组织的一次会议。

教宗称欢迎来自许多国家的与会者，他认为他们对人工智能的发展感到不安：应该采取的方向得到承认，他称，但还没有采取足够的行动。 他感谢与会者的关切和对未来的构想和建议，认为这些构想和建议是跨学科办法的早期结果，为了应对当时的巨大挑战的复杂性，他越来越有必要采用这种办法。

教宗回顾教宗方济各于2024年6月14日在七国集团会议上就人工智能发表的讲话，其中方济各将AI描述为激发兴奋和恐惧的工具，并申明夺去人命的决定决不能委托给机器。 Leo XIV 称先生补充说，这些话一如既往地具有现实意义，他试图在阐述五个考虑因素之前更深入地处理周期性问题。

五种考虑

首先，教宗称，人工智能的未来并不是预先决定的：因为人类开发技术，它的未来取决于人们作出的选择，因此人们肩负着指导和改变其应用的责任，并在必要时拒绝这些选择。 决定性的问题，他称，是AI应该达到什么目的，而不是它所能做的。 他警告说，那些把发展仅仅当作要赢的竞赛的人冒着在终点线上坚持下去而忘记那些被留下的人的风险，而一个为人服务的可靠系统比一个其后果无法充分预见或控制的异常强大的系统更有价值。

第二，他称，“机器是工具，而不是个人。” AI系统不经历经历或拥有一具身体；它们不感到快乐或痛苦，不通过关系而成熟，也不从内部知道爱、工作、友谊或责任的含义。 一些人建议给予这种制度权利，甚至给予法人地位，他警告这种做法有可能混淆人的责任并迫使受到伤害的人向一个没有人面的实体寻求补救。

人类监督、共同利益和机构

第三，教宗称的某些决定决不能授权。 被列入目标名单或进入边境控制数据库的人，他称有可能被缩小到一个数据点，影响人的生命、自由和使用武力的决定必须始终受到有效、知情和负责任的人的监督。 为此原因，他称，人工智能必须被解除武装，他鼓励11月在日内瓦举行的各州会议采取具体步骤来禁止致命的自主武器。

第四，他的称智能技术必须面向共同利益，决不能成为目的本身或仅仅服务于少数特权者的利益。 称引用他的通谕教诲，即正义需要获得创新的好处，包括护理、知识、工具和机会，他指出，这些技术的发展应当鼓励全球社会各级的团结和参与，确保平等分享进步的利益，尤其是与最需要的人分享进步的利益。

他所说的第五个考虑，也许是最紧迫的考虑，转向机构。 应该指导人工智能发展的许多道德原则已经众所周知，他称；现在需要的是能够将其付诸实践的机构，特别是能够保障全球共同利益的有效国际机构。 这需要共同的标准、独立监督和明确的问责机制，他称称，以便审查有关大赦国际发展和使用的决定，必要时提出质疑，并对所造成的损害提供适当的补救。 教皇最后感谢与会者所作的贡献，敦促他们本着对话精神坚持不懈，为共同利益分担责任，并祝福他。

演讲背后的通谕

其五个考虑因素在《人文大观》的编号段落中，即2026年5月15日发行的通谕《利奥十四》，其全名是《在人工智能时代保护人》，其中每一段都说明了其理由。 在该文件中，教宗指出认为利奥十三于1891年发表了他的通谕"Rerum Novarum"，教会于2026年庆祝了该文件的135周年。

该通谕指出，当国家曾经主要指导和引导创新时，当今技术发展的主要驱动力是私人的，往往是跨国的，拥有超过许多政府的资源和干预能力。 该文件指出，这种转变使技术力量具有前所未有的、主要是私人的特性，更难辨别、管理和直接面向共同利益。 其章节包括责任、透明度和AI治理以及武器和人工智能的专门处理。

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Regulation

Pope Leo XIV Calls to “Disarm” AI, Urges Ban on Lethal Autonomous Weapons

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Pope Leo XIV called for artificial intelligence to be “disarmed” and encouraged the states meeting in Geneva in November to take concrete steps toward banning lethal autonomous weapons, in an address delivered in the Hall of Popes on October 30, 2026.

The audience gathered participants in “The Future of AI: A Dialogue Between the Vatican and the Scientific World on the Developments and Applications of Intelligent Technologies,” a meeting organized jointly by the Pontifical Academy for Life and the Future of Life Institute.

Welcoming attendees from many countries, the Pope said he believes they share a sense of unease about the development of artificial intelligence: the direction that should be taken is recognized, he said, yet not enough is being done to move along it. He thanked participants for their concerns and for their ideas and proposals for the future, describing them as early results of a transdisciplinary approach that he said is increasingly necessary if the complexity of the great challenges of the time is to be addressed.

The Pope recalled Pope Francis’s June 14, 2024 address to the G7 session on artificial intelligence, in which Francis described AI as a tool that inspires both excitement and fear and affirmed that the decision to take a human life must never be entrusted to a machine. Those words remain as relevant as ever, Leo XIV said, adding that he had sought to treat the questions in greater depth in his encyclical before setting out five considerations.

The Five Considerations

First, the Pope said, the future of artificial intelligence is not pre-determined: because human beings develop the technology, its future depends on the choices people make, and people therefore carry the responsibility to guide and change its applications and, when necessary, to reject them. The decisive question, he said, is what purpose AI should serve rather than simply what it can do. Those who treat its development merely as a race to be won, he warned, risk fixating on the finish line and forgetting those left behind, and a reliable system that serves the human person is of greater value than an exceptionally powerful one whose consequences cannot be adequately foreseen or controlled.

Second, he said, “machines are tools, not persons.” AI systems do not undergo experiences or possess a body; they do not feel joy or pain, do not mature through relationships, and do not know from within what love, work, friendship, or responsibility mean. Some propose granting such systems rights or even legal personhood, an approach he warned risks obscuring human responsibility and forcing people who suffer harm to seek redress from an entity with no human face.

Human Oversight, the Common Good, and Institutions

Third, the Pope said certain decisions must never be delegated. A person placed on a target list or entered into a border control database, he said, risks being reduced to little more than a data point, and decisions affecting human life, freedom, and the use of force must always remain subject to effective, informed, and responsible human oversight. For that reason, he said, artificial intelligence must be disarmed, and he encouraged the states meeting in Geneva in November to take concrete steps toward banning lethal autonomous weapons.

Fourth, he said intelligent technologies must be directed toward the common good and must never become ends in themselves or serve merely the interests of a privileged few. Citing his encyclical’s teaching that justice requires access to the benefits of innovation, including care, knowledge, tools, and opportunities, he said the development of these technologies should encourage solidarity and participation at various levels of the global community, ensuring that the benefits of progress are shared equitably, especially with those most in need.

His fifth consideration, which he called perhaps the most urgent, turned to institutions. Many of the ethical principles that should guide the development of artificial intelligence are already known, he said; what is needed now are institutions capable of putting them into practice, particularly effective international institutions that can safeguard the global common good. That calls for shared standards, independent oversight, and clear mechanisms of accountability, he said, so that decisions concerning the development and use of AI can be examined, challenged when necessary, and accompanied by appropriate remedies for harm caused. The Pope closed by thanking participants for their contributions, urging them to persevere in a spirit of dialogue and shared responsibility for the common good, and imparting his blessing.

The Encyclical Behind the Address

The address grounds each of its five considerations in numbered passages of Magnifica Humanitas, the encyclical Leo XIV issued on May 15, 2026, whose full title is On Safeguarding the Human Person in the Time of Artificial Intelligence. In that document, the Pope notes that Leo XIII published his encyclical Rerum Novarum in 1891 and that the Church celebrates the document’s 135th anniversary in 2026.

The encyclical observes that, where the state once largely guided and directed innovation, the main drivers of technological development today are private, often transnational parties endowed with resources and a capacity to intervene that surpass those of many governments. That shift, the document states, gives technological power an unprecedented and predominantly private character that is harder to discern, govern, and direct toward the common good. Its chapters include dedicated treatments of responsibility, transparency, and the governance of AI, and of weapons and artificial intelligence.

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