日本演员工会是一家拥有约2600名演员与配音演员的行业组织，近日该工会宣布了一系列措施，保护业内表演者在生成式AI应用中的相关权益。这一话题在日本与西方都引发了热议。为里昂·肯尼迪配音的演员尼克·阿波斯托利德斯就曾表示，AI配音本质上是种矛盾的概念：“AI能念出台词，但台词背后没有人类的情感与内核。”
工会提出的指导方针并非全面禁令或严苛管控，而是要求在AI应用的“每个阶段”都征得表演者的知情同意。企业必须明确告知演员其声音是否会被用于AI训练，同时还需与演员协商报酬。换句话说，同意让AI生成自己的声音用于短视频广告等场景，就如同授权商家将自己的肖像印在麦片包装盒上，属于形象授权的范畴。
这些知情同意准则同样适用于AI转译的表演内容，而对于已故演员的形象声音模仿，限制则更为严格——比如已故歌手图派克在即将上映的《天堂异客》中“出镜”一事就曾引发广泛争议。
准则明确规定，除非已故演员生前已明确同意，否则禁止使用AI复制其声音。同时，AI相关使用还需征得演员在世的家属、遗产管理机构或其他相关管理组织的同意，并向这些权利继承方支付版权使用费。
工会表示：“这一规定旨在保护已故表演者的尊严、名誉与艺术遗产，免遭商业剥削。我们会最大限度尊重逝者生前的意愿，在生成AI相关内容时，必须获得继承相关权利的家属（或管理者）的正式许可，防止对逝者造成亵渎。”
配音行业早已出现过不少AI相关的乱象，比如AI模拟詹姆斯·厄尔·琼斯的声音，在《堡垒之夜》中说出AI生成的侮辱性言论。相比之下，日本演员工会的这套指导方针显得相当温和合理。这些保障演员权益的举措能否在日本娱乐业乃至更大范围内落地推行，还需时间验证。
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The Japan Actors ' Union, an industry organization with about 2,600 actors and voiceover actors, recently announced a series of measures to protect the rights and interests of performers in the production of AI. This topic has generated much debate in Japan and the West. Nick Apostolides, actor for Leon Kennedy Z99Z, has stated that AZZ voiceover is essentially a contradictory concept: “Ai can read dialogue line, but there is no human emotion and core behind dialogue line”.
The guidelines provided by trade unions are not general prohibitions or stringent controls, but require that the performers' informed consent be obtained at “each stage” of AI application. The business must clearly inform the actor whether its voice will be used for AI training, and it must also negotiate with the actor for remuneration. In other words, agreeing to allow AI to generate its own voice for use in scenarios such as short video ads is like authorizing a business to print its own portrait on a cereal wrapper and falls within the scope of the image authorization.
These informed consent guidelines are also applicable to AI-translated performances, while more stringent restrictions are imposed on the image and voice imitation of the late actor — as in the case of the late singer Tupike, who “shows out of heaven” in the upcoming appearance of the Paradise Extremist.
The guidelines explicitly prohibit the use of AI to reproduce the voices of deceased actors unless they have expressly agreed to do so. At the same time, the relevant use of AI requires the consent of the surviving family of the actor, the administration of the estate or other relevant management organizations, and the payment of royalties to the heirs of these rights.
Trade unions have stated: “This provision is intended to protect the dignity, reputation and artistic heritage of the deceased performers from commercial exploitation. We will respect to the utmost extent the wishes of the deceased, and in producing the relevant elements of AI, we must obtain formal permission from the family (or the administrator) to inherit the relevant rights, in order to prevent desecration of the deceased.”
There have been a number of AI-related disturbances in the voiceover industry, such as AI ' s simulator of James Earl Jones ' s voice in Fortress Night ' s insults. In contrast, the guidelines of the Japan Actors ' Union appear to be quite modest and reasonable. It will take time to verify whether these initiatives to protect the rights and interests of actors can be implemented in Japan ' s entertainment industry and even more widely.
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